![]() An upward-branching plumbing system is proposed to account for co-existing mud breccia extrusion and gas seepage via multiple surface vents that influence the distribution of seafloor ecosystems. The gas and pore water analyses point to fluids sourced deep (>3 km) below Venere mud volcano. ![]() Gas analyses indicate an underlying thermogenic hydrocarbon source with potential admixture of microbial methane during migration along ring faults to the peripheral sites. Pore fluids in freshly extruded mud breccia (up to 13 Â☌ warmer than background sediments) contained methane concentrations exceeding saturation by 2.7 times and chloride concentrations up to five times lower than ambient seawater. Two seepage domains are recognized: mud breccia extrusion from a summit, and hydrocarbon venting from peripheral sites, hosting chemosynthetic ecosystems and authigenic carbonates indicative of long-term seepage. Here the functioning of Venere mud volcano, on the Calabrian accretionary prism in ~1,600 m water depth is investigated, based on multi-parameter hydroacoustic and visual seafloor data obtained using ship-borne methods, ROVs, and AUVs. Submarine mud volcanoes release sediments and gas-rich fluids at the seafloor via deeply-rooted plumbing systems that remain poorly understood. Loher, M Pape, T Marcon, Y Römer, M Wintersteller, P Praeg, D Torres, M Sahling, H Bohrmann, G Mud extrusion and ring-fault gas seepage - upward branching fluid discharge at a deep-sea mud volcano.
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